SpringBoot原理解析
黄花树下i 黄花树下i 0 评论 framework 180 阅读

SpringBoot原理解析

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自动版本

创建一个SpringBoot项目，在pom.xml中可以看到他有一个父项目-> spring-boot-starter-parent

spring-boot-starter-parent管理所有依赖

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.3.4.RELEASE</version>
</parent>

spring-boot-starter-parent里面还有一辈-> spring-boot-dependencies

dependencies.png

spring-boot-dependencies 里面几乎定义了我们所有常用依赖的版本号，所以我们在导入依赖的时候，可以不指定版本号，springboot自动为我们指定了，在SpringBoot中管这叫自 动版本仲裁机制

自动配置原理

在SpringBoot启动类上，有一个 @SpringBootApplication 注解

@SpringBootApplication是一个组合注解，他是@SpringBootConfiguration、@EnableAutoConfiguration和@ComponentScan的集合

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)
public @interface SpringBootApplication {}

@ComponentScan

指定扫描哪些，Spring注解；

@EnableAutoConfiguration

@EnableAutoConfiguration的作用是开启自动配置

@EnableAutoConfiguration也是一个组合注解：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {}
  • @AutoConfigurationPackage
  • @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)

@AutoConfigurationPackage的作用

进入 @AutoConfigurationPackage，它导入了一个AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class组件：

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)
public @interface AutoConfigurationPackage {}

Registrar是AutoConfigurationPackages的静态内部类

Registrar.png

这个类实现了ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar和DeterminableImports，重写了registerBeanDefinitions()和determineImports()方法

registerBeanDefinitions这个方法传入了AnnotationMetadata(注解源数据)、BeanDefinitionRegistry(bean定义注册表)

new PackageImport(metadata).getPackageName()，它其实返回了当前主程序类的 **同级以及子级 ** 的包组件。

所以 Registrar的作用就是将主程序所在的同级以及子级目录下的所有组件全部批量加入到Spring容器中

相当于我们配置的bean全部被加入到了Spring容器中了。

AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class

除了@AutoConfigurationPackage外还通过@Import注入了一个组件AutoConfigurationImportSelector

这个类中有一个 getAutoConfigurationEntry 方法，

getAutoConfigurationEntry.png

其中 List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);

getCandidateConfigurations.png

会去到 META-INF/spring.factories 获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类

factories.png

而 META-INF/spring.factories这个文件中提前就配置好了所有需要自动加载的类

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.neo4j.Neo4jAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

而 configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations) 则去掉这些类中重复加载的

configurations.png

最终确定需要加载的是133个

按需开启自动配置项

SpringBoot当然不可能蠢到不管我们需不需要，就全部真的加载进去，这样太离谱了，所有 @Conditional 注解就有了用武之地。

在SpringBoot写了很多自动加载类他们都以xxxAutoConfiguration命名

就拿DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration来说

@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)
@AutoConfigureAfter(ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration.class)
public class DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration {}

它用了两个判断

@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET) //是否是web项目
@ConditionalOnClass(DispatcherServlet.class)	//容器中是否存在DispatcherServlet这个类

这整个类只有满足了这些添加才会添加到Spring容器中去。

这样就完成了我们的自动配置

静态资源配置原理

SpringBoot 的静态资源配置由SpringBoot自动配置类 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 管理。这个类是直接生效的

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnWebApplication(type = Type.SERVLET)
@ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurer.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10)
@AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration.class,
		ValidationAutoConfiguration.class })
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {}

首先他有一个静态内部类 WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter

	@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
	@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration.class)
	@EnableConfigurationProperties({ WebMvcProperties.class,
			org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ResourceProperties.class, WebProperties.class })
	@Order(0)
	public static class WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter implements WebMvcConfigurer {}

这个内部类有一个EnableConfigurationProperties注解，它注入了WebMvcProperties、ResourceProperties、WebProperties

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mvc")
public class WebMvcProperties {}

@Deprecated
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ResourceProperties extends Resources {}

@ConfigurationProperties("spring.web")
public class WebProperties {}

可以看到这些类全部都是去加载properties文件中的属性的

c2.png

在通过有参构造将这些bean注入本类，就可以拿取我们在配置文件配置的属性了

	//有参构造器所有参数的值都会从容器中确定
//ResourceProperties resourceProperties；获取和spring.resources绑定的所有的值的对象
//WebMvcProperties mvcProperties 获取和spring.mvc绑定的所有的值的对象
//ListableBeanFactory beanFactory Spring的beanFactory
//HttpMessageConverters 找到所有的HttpMessageConverters
//ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer 找到 资源处理器的自定义器。=========
//DispatcherServletPath  
//ServletRegistrationBean   给应用注册Servlet、Filter....
	public WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter(ResourceProperties resourceProperties, WebMvcProperties mvcProperties,
				ListableBeanFactory beanFactory, ObjectProvider<HttpMessageConverters> messageConvertersProvider,
				ObjectProvider<ResourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer> resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider,
				ObjectProvider<DispatcherServletPath> dispatcherServletPath,
				ObjectProvider<ServletRegistrationBean<?>> servletRegistrations) {
			this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
			this.mvcProperties = mvcProperties;
			this.beanFactory = beanFactory;
			this.messageConvertersProvider = messageConvertersProvider;
			this.resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizer = resourceHandlerRegistrationCustomizerProvider.getIfAvailable();
			this.dispatcherServletPath = dispatcherServletPath;
			this.servletRegistrations = servletRegistrations;
		}

静态资源开启关闭原理

在 WebMvcAutoConfiguration 中有 EnableWebMvcConfiguration 这个静态内部类，他下面有一个 addResourceHandlers 方法

		@Override
		protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
			super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
			if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
				logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
				return;
			}
			ServletContext servletContext = getServletContext();
			addResourceHandler(registry, "/webjars/**", "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/");
			addResourceHandler(registry, this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(), (registration) -> {
				registration.addResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
				if (servletContext != null) {
					registration.addResourceLocations(new ServletContextResource(servletContext, SERVLET_LOCATION));
				}
			});

if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) :这里有一个对isAddMappings()的判断

进入isAddMappings()方法：

public boolean isAddMappings() {
	return this.addMappings;
}

他去拿了addMappings，而addMappings：

private boolean addMappings = true;

当addMappings为true时，addResourceHandlers 才会进行接下来的静态资源处理

所以我们想关闭静态资源的话，只需要在properties(yaml)中将它设置为false,就能关闭静态资源。

spring:
  web:
    resources:
      add-mappings: false   禁用所有静态资源规则

欢迎页处理规则原理

在WebMvcAutoConfiguration自动配置类中配置了这么一个bean

		@Bean
		public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(ApplicationContext applicationContext,
				FormattingConversionService mvcConversionService, ResourceUrlProvider mvcResourceUrlProvider) {
			WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping = new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(
					new TemplateAvailabilityProviders(applicationContext), applicationContext, getWelcomePage(),
					this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
			welcomePageHandlerMapping.setInterceptors(getInterceptors(mvcConversionService, mvcResourceUrlProvider));
			welcomePageHandlerMapping.setCorsConfigurations(getCorsConfigurations());
			return welcomePageHandlerMapping;
		}

可以看到 WelcomePageHandlerMapping 翻译过来就是 欢迎页面处理程序映射

进入这个类：

final class WelcomePageHandlerMapping extends AbstractUrlHandlerMapping {

	private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(WelcomePageHandlerMapping.class);

	private static final List<MediaType> MEDIA_TYPES_ALL = Collections.singletonList(MediaType.ALL);

	WelcomePageHandlerMapping(TemplateAvailabilityProviders templateAvailabilityProviders,
			ApplicationContext applicationContext, Resource welcomePage, String staticPathPattern) {
		//判断是否存在欢迎页，如果存在且设置的静态资源映射url为/**，则欢迎页为index.html
		//当请求到来时如果没有任何控制器处理，则根据此配置进行跳转-也就是跳转到index.html
		if (welcomePage != null && "/**".equals(staticPathPattern)) {
			logger.info("Adding welcome page: " + welcomePage);
			setRootViewName("forward:index.html");
		}
		else if (welcomeTemplateExists(templateAvailabilityProviders, applicationContext)) {
			logger.info("Adding welcome page template: index");
			setRootViewName("index");
		}
	}

从上述代码可以看到，判断请求直接写死了。判断请求是否为 /**，如果是就设置默认欢迎页面为index.html；如果请求没有任何控制器进行处理，则会跳转到默认的index.html页面。
这也是为什么，直接输入项目地址可以进行跳转的原因：例如localhost:8080/，则会直接跳转到index.html.

请求参数rest原理

矩阵变量开启关闭原理

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本文采用 署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 国际 许可协议，转载请注明出处。
SpringBoot配置 2021-04-02
单例模式 2021-04-10

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